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    • 专利摘要:
    Treatment agent for ammonia NH3 in moist, dewatered sewage sludge. This is achieved with treatment agents in that a drying container (1), a heating circuit (7), a heat pump (27, 28, 29, 30, 31) with supply (6) and discharge lines (8) from and to the Drying container (1) for distillates from the sewage sludge, a pipe (12) for excess distillates containing NH3, quench cooler (13, 18) with a separation stage in which one heat exchange medium is the excess distillates and the other is the washing liquid for storing NH3, and extraction openings of pipelines (15, 20) are provided on the quench coolers for discharging stored NH3 in water. With these treatment agents, it is possible to treat moist, dewatered sewage sludge in a climate-friendly manner using NH3 as the lead substance and to enable high CO2 savings from the avoidance of nitrous oxide N2O in Zurich of up to 240,000 Mg / a as CO2eq, in particular the formation of fine dust immission from NH3 with 200,000. 000 m3 / kg NH3.
    公开号:CH717319A2
    申请号:CH00369/21
    申请日:2021-04-09
    公开日:2021-10-15
    发明作者:Curtius Fritz
    申请人:Curtius Fritz；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention is concerned with treatment agents for ammonia NH3 in moist dewatered sewage sludge and the use of ammonia NH3 as a lead substance in the processing of sewage sludge in order to avoid environmentally harmful effects on the environment and to enable climate-friendly disposal of the sewage sludge. Another task is to show the way to climate neutrality at 1.5 ° C global warming.
    The invention is also concerned with the production of valuable substances from sewage sludge in order to use the biomass free of NH3.
    When diagnosing savings in sewage sludge dehumidification, according to the invention, the more harmful effect of NH3 compared to that of water, H2O is assumed and accordingly the NH3 is identified as the key substance with the parameters of the TA Luft.
    About the lead substance NH3 is known from the TA Luft for the treatment agents for sewage sludge that the NH3 release is limited to 0.1 kg / h or 20 mg / m3 in the exhaust gas of these systems. When processing sewage sludge as biomass in Switzerland, the NH3 emissions are limited to 5 mg / m3. More details: LRV air pollution regulation.
    [0005] It is also known about NH3, which is excreted from the body via the kidneys and liver as a body poison and can be smelled in stale urine as the lead substance, that a reaction to ammonium salts (ammonium nitrate / chloride / sulfate) occurs in the atmosphere ) to fine dust takes place and the amount of fine dust increases by 4 to 5 times the NH3. Disadvantages: further damage from NH3, the limit value for fine dust and immissions calculated at 20 µg / m3 PM 2.5. EU from 2020.
    Merkel and Bosnjakovic also show a state diagram of the solubility of NH3, plotted against the water, H2O with the vapor and liquid phases, which is used in sorption refrigeration machines with NH3 / water. More details: Wilhelm Niebergall, Handbuch der Kältetechnik, Volume 7, Springer-Verlag, from 1959. Accordingly, NH3 is released in sewage treatment plants together with a specified amount of water, and the releases of pollutants during drying / incineration are from the main substance NH3 in the mixture Water determined.
    About the climate damage this lead substance NH3 in biomass is known from Switzerland a law according to VO 641.711 for the reduction of the harmful ammonia NH3 when burning with H2O, according to which the greenhouse gases CO2 and other climate-damaging gases, such as the burning of NH3 nitrous oxide N2O formed are shown with 298 times the CO2eq equivalent. Disadvantage: Additional climate damage from CO2 when sewage sludge is incinerated from biomass.
    Accordingly, the savings in climate protection in sewage sludge incineration are linked to the existing immissions per kg of NH3: • 4 kg of ammonium salt (nitrate) = 4,000,000,000 µg fine dust, a limit of 20 µg / m3, immission: 200,000. 000 m3 / kg NH3; • 1 kg NH3 burned to N2O - immission: 800 kg CO2eq. (rounded) • The savings per Mg NH3: 800 Mg CO2 x 100 = 80,000 CHF.
    A mono-incineration of sewage sludge in Zurich Werdhölzli is also known, according to which 3.750 mg of NH3-containing sludge, together with 5 mg of water, H2O are disadvantageously incinerated every hour. Disadvantage is: a hotspot in Zurich due to global warming with H2O steam with NH3; Another disadvantage: 37.5 kg / h NH3, based on 1% by weight of free NH3. Major disadvantage: The sewage sludge supply of 1.1 million PE in the city of Zurich, with the following possible savings forCO2eq, 37.5 kg x 0.8 Mg CO2eq / kg, h> 30 Mg CO2 / h;CO2eq / a, 30 x 8,000h> 240,000 Mg CO2eq / a;CO2 incentive tax at 100 CHF / Mg CO2eq: 24,000,000 CHF / a since 2015.
    Furthermore, climate goals are named in the magazine Energie Zukunft Schweiz, according to which new concepts and new business cases with ambitious goals for Switzerland are addressed, so that zero emissions and the use of limited resources in climate protection in Switzerland is made possible. (Energy Future Switzerland, Dec. 2018, Vincent Eckert, Swiss Re, Management Ltd, Adliswil). Accordingly, in Adliswil, further measures are necessary for the transport of sewage sludge for incineration as biomass in Zurich in order to prevent the climate damage caused by CO2 and the additional costs.
    Recently, Swiss corporations (Swiss Re Group) in the field of climate protection have learned that big goals in the investment portfolio are no longer sufficient, and participation in the real economy is just as important for the development of climate protection strategies. More details: Swiss Re publishes high climate targets; accelerates Race to net zero; March 16, 2021 / Christian Mumenthaler / Zurich and Guido Fürer. Accordingly, further measures are necessary at the Swiss RE location in Zurich to prevent climate damage from biomass caused by CO2 and additional costs of CHF 24,000,000 / a.
    The emission values of NH3 are known from DE 20 2020 001 512 U1, which are diagnosed in sewage sludge with a proportion of 1% NH3 based on 62 kg DM / h when the system is accepted after 5,000 operating hours by the authorities. With 1% free NH3 in the sewage sludge, further measures are necessary for the analysis of the sewage sludge and the monitoring of the lead substance NH3 in the sewage sludge of Zurich in order to realize the high savings.
    Main disadvantages: Zurich with the hotspot and additional immissions of CO2 of 240,000 Mg / a from biomass and the follow-up costs of 24,000,000 CHF / a, due to the disregard of the main substance NH3 in sewage sludge.
    The invention specified in claim 1 about treatment agents for NH3, ammonia in sewage sludge, based on the limit values known in the LRV and TA Luft at 5 mg / m3 NH3 in the treatment of sewage sludge and the emissions of NH3 with the additional formation of the worst greenhouse gas N2O with 800 times the CO2eq emissions from NH3 and the high savings for Zurich, the underlying problem is to provide suitable treatment agents for the treatment of the ammonia, which is present as moisture in the dewatered sewage sludge, in order to remove the ammonia, NH3 from the sewage sludge, to avoid emissions of NH3 and to enable the storage of the NH3 in order to avoid the costs of CO2eq emissions from biomass from the combustion of the NH3 and the formation of fine dust emissions from NH3. Another task is to enable the storage for later use of the hydrogen H2 in the NH3.
    This problem is caused by the features listed in claim 1, of treatment agent for ammonia NH3 in moist, dewatered sewage sludge, with a drying container, a heating circuit with a heating stage, with supply and discharge lines from and to the drying container for distillates Sewage sludge, a pipeline for excess, NH3-containing distillates from the heating circuit, quench coolers with a separation stage in which one heat exchange medium is the excess distillates and the other is the scrubbing liquid for storing NH3, with a discharge opening from pipelines to the quench coolers for discharging stored NH3 dissolved in water and in particular feed lines for water to the quench coolers.
    Advantageous further developments and embodiments of the invention are possible through the measures mentioned in the dependent claims 2 to 9.
    The advantages achieved with the treatment agents for ammonia NH3 in moist sewage sludge consist in the use of drying containers with NH3 as the lead substance.
    Other advantages
    [0018] • dryer with reproducible dehumidification, • controlled limit values for NH3, • closed system by means of the liquid separation stage in quench coolers, • storage for NH3; • Saving of climate-damaging CO2 from NH3 combustion; • Optional: climate neutrality of the population; • Generation of hydrogen H2 with 75 vol.% In the NH3 and avoidance of the additional CO2eq emission of 800 Mg CO2eq / Mg NH3, with a damage of 80,000 CHF per Mg NH3 in Zurich-Werdhölzli.
    An essential feature of the invention consists in treatment agents for ammonia NH3 in moist, dewatered sewage sludge according to the generic term and the advantageous use of the lead substance NH3 on the change in the moisture content in sewage sludge. The advantage is: Use of the physical, chemical properties of the binary system e.g. NH3-H2O as well as the limit value for NH3 emissions of 5 mg / m3 according to the LRV for the design of the treatment agents in order to show the savings for climate protection.
    Another feature of the invention consists in the drying containers with an advantageous drying in batches in the conclusion of the treatment agent, without the entry of false air with the sewage sludge. Advantage: a better separation of the NH3 from the excess distillates with less inert (air), for more climate protection.
    Another advantage: self-cleaning by emptying, recurring with each filling, with fewer personnel requirements.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to provide feed lines for water to the quench coolers. The benefit achieved is: The availability of H2O to store NH3 in order to realize the savings.
    The main advantage: the installation of the drying container in the sewage treatment plants and savings in transport costs.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 3. The development according to claim 3 makes it possible to provide a sensor for physical measurement data. Achieved advantage: Adjustable dehumidification performance depending on a temperature value and / or a pressure value with reproducible quantities of distillates in order to comply with the limit values for NH3, namely 5 mg / m3 in Switzerland and to save the costs of 240,000 Mg CO2eq / a in mono-combustion.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 4. The development according to claim 4 makes it possible to provide disposal lines as treatment agents for the discharge of the excess distillates. Advantage: The distillates can be discharged in pipelines and integrated into the batch drying.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 5. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to provide heat exchangers for utilizing heat from the surplus of energy. Achieved advantage: lower temperatures in the stored NH3 in order to achieve less outgassing, in each case 50% less in relation to the cooling of 15 ° C.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 6. The further development according to claim 6 makes it possible to provide a disposal line in clarifier for waste heat use. Advantage: direct energy use and recycling of NH3.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 7. The development according to claim 7 makes it possible to provide a disposal line for residual distillates in the digestion tower. Advantage: Mixing of the gases with digester gases to enable easy use.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 8. The development according to claim 8 makes it possible to provide further separation stages for treating the distillates in quench coolers. Advantage: dehumidification of the NH3; Another advantage: the excellent distribution of the distillates, namely 1 m3 in 3,330 kg H2O of the separation stage (TU), using the example of the expansion factor of the TU of 1.3.
    An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 9. The development according to claim 9 enables a heat pump to be provided as the heating stage. Advantage: Use of clean electrical energy for climate neutrality; Another advantage: Use of the waste heat within the heating level.
    Further advantages of the climate-positive invention are shown in the drawing in FIG. 1 and are described arithmetically in examples. They show: FIG. 1 treatment agent for ammonia NH3.
    Treatment agents for ammonia NH3 are shown in Fig. 1 with a dryer for separating the NH3 from sewage sludge as a scheme that consists of a drying container 1, movably mounted on wheels, an inflow base 2 for receiving moist sewage sludge with ammonia NH3, abandoned by a chamber filter press, from a filling 3 with sewage sludge on the inflow base 2, a free space 4, a ceiling 5 of the container 1, from a supply line 6 as a nozzle 6 for a supply of heated gases from a circuit 7, from a discharge line 8 as Nozzle 8 leading into the circuit 7, from a fan 9, a device 10 for dust separation, from a heating stage 11, electrically heated as a compression heat pump, with the continuing pipeline in circuit 7, from a releasable connection on the nozzle 6, another releasable one Connection to the nozzle 8 and for the discharge of excess distillates from the drying container 1, from a withdrawal line ng 12 for the distillates to a quench cooler 13, for a separation of the higher boiler H2O from the distillates, with a feed line 14 for cold water and a removal line 15 for the water heated by steam condensation, from further lines 16 of distillate, from a fan 17 for sucking off accumulating distillates, another quench cooler 18 for further separation of NH3 and partial absorption of the main substance NH3 in cold water, with feed lines 19 and a withdrawal line 20 as well as a pressure-dependent sensor 22, a display PC 21 of the pressure, from a return line 26 in the circuit 7 with a connection 25 for excess of non-condensable and schematically, in particular for drying with a lead substance NH3, is constructed in such a way that • legal limit values for NH3 with 5 mg / m3 are observed; • A climate-friendly biomass, free of fine dust immission and nitrous oxide, is obtained; • under completion, the distillate formation is provided; • with fast container changes and little staff required; • NH3 from biomass is available in stored form.
    Significant advantages of mono combustion:
    • Simplification of apparatus with (1) transport container; • Stored pollutants as NH3; • Decentralized installation and savings in transport.
    Next, in Figure 1, the heating stage 11 is shown as a heat pump with the evaporator 27 for the condensation of distillates, a discharge nozzle 28 for condensate, a compressor 29, with a condenser 30 for heating the circuit 7, and an expansion valve 31 as a refrigeration circuit an underframe 23 is shown on wheels 24, whereby the drying container is displaceable.
    In addition to the illustration in Figure 1 with a heating stage as a heat pump for environmentally friendly energy with environmentally friendly electrical heating, other heating stages are possible, which are not listed in detail. It is important that excess gases are diverted from the circuit via the drying container so that the advantages of storing NH3 as a lead substance remain. The advantage is: Climate protection through the separation of the NH3 with zero emissions.
    Further advantages of the invention are shown for a project structure according to the UNCFF, COP26 with examples of the savings and improvements in climate protection for sewage treatment plants:
    Project structure according to UNCFF model, divided according to performance characteristics, in: (1) Actual analyzes of the sewage treatment plants, e.g. university laboratory for the lead substance NH3; (2) determining the savings made by the invention; (3) Plant design and construction to enable the savings.
    The savings in sewage sludge and biomass, per kg of NH3: a) fine dust, with 4 kg of ammonium salt from 1 kg of NH3 as PM 2.5 limit value is 20 µg salt / m3 - fine dust;Fine dust immission from 1 kg or 1,000,000,000 µg NH3, 4,000,000,000 / 20 µg = 200,000,000 m3 air / kg savings b) N2O - nitrous oxide and CO2eq immission through combustion, per kg NH3: CO2 with a factor of 298 from N2O, at 44 kg / 17 kg = 2.58 kg N2O / kg NH3 ACTUAL value for CO2eq, 2.58 * <> 298 = 771.2 kg CO2eq; (800 kg CO2) NOM saving per kg NH3: 800 kg CO2eq (equivalent) nominal saving per Mg sewage sludge with 1% NH3:10 kg NH3 * <> 800 kg CO2 = 8 Mg CO2 per Mg TS (dry substance) c) Savings calculation based on official performance acceptance: Sewage sludge dryer with NH3 separator gas, wet 62 kg TS / h exhaust gas values from measurement protocols, Kyoto 10/18/1983 Feed to absorber - after dryer & 5,000 operating hours: gas, dry 94 Nm3 / h 121 kg / h H2O 331 Nm3 / h 265 kg / h gas, wet 425 Nm3 / h 387 kg / h NH3 1,500 ppm 0.58 kg / h NH3 content 0 , 58 kg / 62 kg x 100 >> 1% NH3 - nominal value!
    Further savings - at 5 mg NH3 / m3 in CH: 1. Zurich at 3.75 Mg TS / h - 1,600,000 PEFine dust emissions at 37.5 kg NH3 / hFine dust 37.5 * <> 200,000,000 m3 = 7,500,000,000 m3 / hCO2eq greenhouse gases at 3.75 Mg TS / hCO2 savings 3.75 * <> 8 Mg-CO2 = 30 Mg CO2 / hCO2 savings at 8000 h = 240,000 Mg CO2 / aSavings per year, at 100 CHF / Mg,CO2 compensation: x 100 = 24,000,000 CHF / aSignificant advantage: (at 5 mg NH3 / m3 as the limit value in Zurich)STOP for the sludge transports to Zurich of 1,100,000 inhabitants. 2. Lindau (B) at 2 mg TS / d - 730 mg TS / aFine dust emissions at 0.833 kg NH3 / hFine dust 0.833 * <> 200,000,000 m3 = 166,600,000 m3 / hCO2eq greenhouse gases at 2 Mg TS / dCO2 savings 2 * <> 8 Mg-CO2 = 16 Mg CO2 / dCO2 savings at 365 days = 5,840 Mg CO2 / a;Further savings in transport costs of 300 euros / dSaving / d 10 Mg * 300 = 3,000 euros / d;Savings per year on transports,3,000 * <> 365 = 1,095,000 euros / a & STOP of the transports.
    With the example of the laboratory values for the lead substance NH3 from Kyoto and the project data for Zurich and Lindau it is shown that the high savings through a request specification for the treatment agents for NH3 to the manufacturer can be avoided and climate neutrality is possible.
    A major advantage for Swiss Re: End of the sludge transports to Zurich. It is important that the emissions of fine dust PM 2.5 due to ammonium salts are identified and avoided with the invention and that legal limit values for NH3 of 5 mg / m3 are observed.
    List of reference symbols
    1 - drying container, dryer 2 - inflow base 3 - filling with dry material - capacity 4 - free space 5 - ceiling of the container 6 - nozzle, pipe for hot gases 7 - circuit, hot for gases 8 - outlet nozzle, pipe for gases used 9 - Fan 10 - Dust separation, device for ... 11 - Heating stage 12 - Pipeline, extraction line 13 - Quench cooler, absorber 14 - Feed line for water 15 - Water extraction line, disposal line 16 - Continuing line 17 - Fan 18 - Quench cooler, absorber for NH3 19 - Supply lines for water, feed line 20 - Extraction line, disposal 21 - Pressure display, pressure control 22 - Sensor, physical pressure sensor 23 - Base 24 - Wheels 25 - Drainage line for surpluses, 26 - Disposal line, return line, 27 - Evaporator 28 - Drain connection 29 - Compressor 30 - Condenser 31 - Expansion valve
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Treatment agent for ammonia NH3 in moist, dewatered sewage sludge, wherebyo a drying container (1),o a heating circuit (7) with a heating stage (11; 27, 28, 29, 30, 31) with supply (6) and discharge lines (8) from and to the drying container (1) for distillates of the sewage sludge,o a pipe (12) for excess, NH3-containing distillates from the heating circuit (7),o Quench cooler (13, 18) with a separation stage in which one heat exchange medium is the excess distillates and the other is the washing liquid for storing NH3 ando Extraction opening of pipes (15, 20) are provided on the quench coolers (13, 18) for discharging stored NH3 in water.
    [2]
    2. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to the preceding claim 1, whereinFeed lines for water (14, 19) to the quench coolers (13, 18) are provided.
    [3]
    3. Treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereina sensor (22) is provided for physical measurement data.
    [4]
    4. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereinDisposal lines (15, 20) are provided as treatment means for discharging the excess energy of the higher boilers.
    [5]
    5. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereinHeat exchangers are provided for utilizing heat from the surplus of energy.
    [6]
    6. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereina disposal line (20) is provided in the clarifier for waste heat use.
    [7]
    7. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereina disposal line (25) is provided for residual distillates in a digestion tower.
    [8]
    8. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereinfurther separation stages for treating the distillates in quench coolers (13, 18) are provided.
    [9]
    9. treatment agent for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, whereina heat pump (27, 28, 29, 30, 31) is provided as the heating stage (11).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102021001853A1|2021-10-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE202020001512U1|2020-04-11|2020-06-19|Fritz Curtius|Treatment agent for ammonia NH3|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102020002277|2020-04-11|
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